Introduction to PCBs A printed circuit board (PCB) is a board made of insulating material like FR4 fiberglass with thin copper foil laminated onto it. The copper layer is patterned to form conductive tracks and pads that electrically connect various components mounted on the board. PCBs serve as the structural […]

Electronic component manufacturing is the process of fabricating the various individual parts and devices that will be assembled into finished electronic systems. The electronics industry relies on a vast global supply chain of component manufacturing spanning semiconductors, passives, connectors, electromechanical parts, and more. Understanding the manufacturing processes for these components […]

Introduction Fiducials are essential features used in printed circuit boards (PCBs) to aid in accurate alignment and assembly. Also referred to as alignment marks or registration marks, fiducials provide fixed reference points that manufacturing machines and assembly equipment use for precise positioning. Understanding fiducials and their role in the PCB […]

Introduction A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores electrical energy in an electric field. Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing alternating current to pass, smoothing power supply voltages, timing circuits, tuning radios, filtering signals, and many other purposes. Printed circuit board […]

Introduction to Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) A printed circuit board (PCB) is a board made of insulating material, usually fiberglass, with thin copper tracks etched or printed on one or both sides. The copper tracks connect various components mounted on the board, allowing current to flow between the components. PCBs […]

A PCB (printed circuit board) library is a collection of footprint models used in PCB design software to represent real-world components. It contains 3D models and footprint patterns for components like resistors, capacitors, integrated circuits, connectors, etc. PCB libraries allow circuit designers to easily place components on a PCB layout […]

Introduction to PCB milling PCB milling, also known as mechanical milling or routing, is a process used to fabricate printed circuit boards (PCBs). It involves using a computer-controlled milling machine or router to physically remove copper from a substrate to create the traces, pads, and outlines of a PCB design. […]

Introduction Reverse engineering of printed circuit boards (PCBs) involves analyzing an existing board to determine its design, components, and functioning without access to the original schematics or layout files. It is useful for extracting design data from old legacy boards, studying competitors’ products, or debugging equipment issues. While challenging, skilled […]

Introduction Potting is the process of filling the empty spaces on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a protective polymer compound. Potting encapsulates the electronic components and circuitry on the PCB within an insulating material for protection against environmental stresses like moisture, vibration, shock, dust etc. Some key aspects regarding […]

Introduction Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are essential components in nearly all modern electronic devices and equipment. They provide the underlying physical structure to mount components and interconnect them into functional circuits. For many electronics projects, getting PCB prototypes produced quickly is crucial for development and testing new designs rapidly. This […]