Introduction to LoRa Technology LoRa, which stands for Long Range, is a proprietary spread spectrum modulation technique derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology. Developed by Semtech, LoRa is a long range, low power wireless platform that has become the de facto technology for Internet of Things (IoT) networks worldwide. […]

What is the J-STD-001 Standard? The J-STD-001, also known as the “Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies,” is a joint industry standard that provides guidelines for producing high-quality soldered interconnections. This standard was developed by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) and the IPC (Association Connecting Electronics Industries) to ensure […]

Introduction to LoRa Gateway In the rapidly evolving world of Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless communication, LoRa (Long Range) technology has emerged as a game-changer. LoRa is a proprietary spread spectrum modulation technique developed by Semtech, which enables long-range, low-power wireless communication. At the heart of this technology lies […]

Introduction to PCB X-ray Inspection In the world of printed circuit board assembly (PCBA), ensuring the quality and reliability of the final product is of utmost importance. One crucial step in this process is PCB X-ray inspection. This non-destructive testing method allows manufacturers to examine the internal structure of PCBs, […]

Understanding PCB Capacitance Printed Circuit Board (PCB) design involves various aspects, one of which is managing the capacitance between traces and planes. PCB capacitance plays a crucial role in determining the performance, signal integrity, and electromagnetic compatibility of electronic circuits. In this article, we will delve into the concept of […]

Introduction to AOI in PCB and SMT Manufacturing Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) plays a critical role in ensuring quality and reliability in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) and Surface Mount Technology (SMT) production lines. AOI systems use advanced imaging and computer vision algorithms to quickly and accurately detect defects, such as […]

Introduction to PDF, Gerber, and NC Drill Formats PDF (Portable Document Format) is a widely used file format for exchanging and printing electronic documents. It was developed by Adobe in the 1990s and has since become the standard for sharing documents across different platforms and devices. PDFs can contain text, […]

Introduction to the 2SC2879 Transistor The 2SC2879 is a popular NPN silicon epitaxial planar transistor widely used in audio amplifier circuits, power supply regulators, DC/DC converters, and more. This high-voltage, high-current transistor is known for its excellent performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything you need […]

What is an AC-DC Converter? An AC-DC converter is an electronic device that takes alternating current (AC) input from the power grid and converts it into direct current (DC) output suitable for powering various electronic devices. The converter rectifies the AC input, filters it, and regulates the output voltage to […]

Introduction to Class C Amplifiers Class C amplifiers are a type of electronic amplifier where the active element (usually a transistor or vacuum tube) conducts for less than 50% of the input signal cycle. They are one of the most efficient types of RF power amplifiers but have higher distortion […]