Introduction to the Lm386 Amplifier The LM386 is an 8-pin integrated circuit (IC) that operates on a supply voltage ranging from 4V to 12V. It features a low quiescent current drain of only 4mA, making it ideal for battery-powered applications. The IC has a fixed gain of 20 (26dB), which […]

What is an SMPS Circuit? An SMPS circuit is a power supply that uses switching regulators to convert electrical power efficiently. Unlike linear power supplies, which use a transformer to step down the voltage and then regulate it using a linear regulator, SMPS circuits employ high-frequency switching techniques to regulate […]

Introduction to Hearing Aid DIY Hearing loss is a common problem affecting millions of people worldwide. While there are many commercially available hearing aids, they can be expensive and may not always meet the specific needs of an individual. This is where a DIY hearing aid circuit comes in handy. […]

Introduction The Bill of Materials (BOM) is a critical document in PCB manufacturing that lists all the components, materials, and quantities needed to build a printed circuit board. An accurate and well-organized BOM can significantly improve the efficiency of the PCB manufacturing process, reducing lead times, minimizing errors, and ultimately […]

Copper Thickness and Its Impact on PCB Performance One of the primary concerns that users have when working with copper PCBs is the thickness of the copper layer. The thickness of the copper layer can have a significant impact on the performance of the PCB, including its electrical conductivity, thermal […]

Introduction to LoRa Technology LoRa, which stands for Long Range, is a proprietary spread spectrum modulation technique derived from chirp spread spectrum (CSS) technology. Developed by Semtech, LoRa is a long range, low power wireless platform that has become the de facto technology for Internet of Things (IoT) networks worldwide. […]

Introduction to IPC Standards IPC, formerly known as the Institute for Printed Circuits, is a global trade association that develops standards for the electronic interconnection industry. IPC standards are widely recognized and adopted worldwide, ensuring the quality, reliability, and consistency of electronic products. These standards cover various aspects of the […]

Introduction to Goldfinger PCB Goldfinger PCB, also known as gold-plated printed circuit boards, are a type of high-quality PCB that features a layer of gold plating on the surface of the copper traces and pads. This gold plating provides several benefits, including enhanced corrosion resistance, improved solderability, and superior electrical […]

What is the J-STD-001 Standard? The J-STD-001, also known as the “Requirements for Soldered Electrical and Electronic Assemblies,” is a joint industry standard that provides guidelines for producing high-quality soldered interconnections. This standard was developed by the Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) and the IPC (Association Connecting Electronics Industries) to ensure […]

Introduction to LoRa Gateway In the rapidly evolving world of Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless communication, LoRa (Long Range) technology has emerged as a game-changer. LoRa is a proprietary spread spectrum modulation technique developed by Semtech, which enables long-range, low-power wireless communication. At the heart of this technology lies […]