What is Electroless Gold-Nickel Plating? Electroless gold-nickel (Au/Ni) plating is a multi-layer metal finishing process that deposits a thin layer of gold over a nickel underlayer on a substrate material, without the use of an external electrical current. The nickel layer provides excellent corrosion resistance and acts as a diffusion […]

Introduction to PCB Vias Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are essential components in modern electronics, providing a platform for interconnecting various electronic components. One crucial aspect of PCB design is the use of vias, which are conductive pathways that allow electrical signals to pass through different layers of the board. In […]

Properties of Copper Foil Copper foil possesses several unique properties that make it an essential material in many applications: Electrical Conductivity One of the most notable properties of copper foil is its exceptional electrical conductivity. Copper is one of the best conductors of electricity, second only to silver. This property […]

What is Solder Paste and Why is it Essential? Solder paste is a crucial component in the world of electronics manufacturing. It is a mixture of tiny solder particles suspended in a flux medium, which is applied to printed circuit boards (PCBs) before surface mount components are placed. The paste […]

Introduction to Solar Team Twente and Their Groundbreaking Three-Wheeler Design Solar Team Twente is a pioneering group of students from the University of Twente in the Netherlands who are pushing the boundaries of solar-powered vehicle design. Their latest project is a revolutionary three-wheeled solar car that aims to set new […]

What is a Flexible PCB? A flexible PCB, also known as an FPC, is a type of printed circuit board that consists of a thin, flexible substrate made of materials such as polyimide or polyester. These substrates are laminated with conductive copper traces, allowing for electrical connectivity between components. FPCs […]

Importance of Track width The track width of a vehicle has a significant impact on its handling and stability. A wider track width generally provides better stability and handling, especially during cornering and high-speed maneuvers. This is because a wider track width reduces the vehicle’s tendency to roll and increases […]

Introduction to Copper fills Copper fills, also known as copper vias or PTHs (plated through holes), are a crucial component in printed circuit boards (PCBs). They provide electrical connections between different layers of a multi-layer PCB, enabling the flow of signals and power throughout the board. From a mechanical perspective, […]

Introduction Designing a printed circuit board (PCB) can be a complex and time-consuming process, with many steps and potential pitfalls along the way. Getting the PCB design right the first time is critical to avoid costly redesigns, manufacturing delays, and product failures. In this article, we’ll explore the optimum PCB […]

What is FR4? FR4 is a composite material made from woven fiberglass cloth impregnated with an epoxy resin binder. The “FR” stands for “Flame Retardant,” indicating that the material has been treated to resist catching fire and spreading flames. The “4” in FR4 refers to the specific grade of the […]