Understanding PCB Thickness PCB thickness is typically measured in either millimeters (mm) or thousandths of an inch (mils). One mil equals 0.001 inch or 0.0254 mm. The thickness of a PCB is determined by the combined thickness of the copper layers, substrate material, and any additional layers such as solder […]

Introduction to Wire-to-Board Connections Connecting wires to a circuit board is a fundamental skill in electronics. Whether you’re a hobbyist or a professional, knowing how to properly wire-to-board can save you time and ensure your projects function correctly. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about […]

Introduction to PCB Electrical Testing Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the backbone of modern electronics, found in everything from smartphones and laptops to medical devices and aerospace systems. To ensure that these critical components function reliably and meet stringent quality standards, PCB manufacturers employ a range of testing methods, with […]

What is a Dummy load? A dummy load is an electrical device used to simulate the electrical load of a real device or system during testing. It is designed to dissipate power without performing any useful work, allowing engineers and technicians to test power supplies, amplifiers, and other electrical components […]

What Are Semiconductor Chips? Semiconductor chips, also known as integrated circuits (ICs) or microchips, are the brains behind modern electronics. These tiny components, made from semiconductor materials like silicon, contain millions or billions of transistors that process and store data, enabling the functionality of devices such as: Computers and laptops […]

Types of PCB Assembly There are three main types of PCB assembly: through-hole assembly, surface mount assembly, and mixed assembly. Through-Hole Assembly Through-hole assembly is the traditional method of PCB assembly. It involves inserting the leads of electronic components through holes drilled in the PCB and soldering them to the […]

Introduction to MOSFETs Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, or MOSFETs, are voltage-controlled semiconductor devices widely used for switching and amplifying electronic signals. MOSFETs have revolutionized the electronics industry due to their high input impedance, fast switching speeds, and excellent power efficiency compared to bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). MOSFETs are divided into two […]

What is a Bare PCB? A bare printed circuit board, also known as a blank PCB, is the foundation of any electronic device. It is a flat, rigid board made of insulating material, typically fiberglass or composite epoxy, with conductive pathways etched onto its surface. These pathways, called traces, connect […]

What is PCB Etching? PCB etching is a critical process in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs) where unwanted copper is removed from the surface of the board, leaving behind the desired copper traces that form the electrical connections. Etching is typically performed using chemical solutions that selectively dissolve […]

What are Active Components? Active components are electronic devices that require an external power source to operate and can control the flow of current in a circuit. They have the ability to amplify, switch, or modulate electrical signals, making them essential for various electronic applications. Active components play a crucial […]