What Are Gerber Files? Gerber files, also known as Gerber format or Gerber X2 format, is an open ASCII vector format for 2D binary images. It is the de facto standard used by PCB fabrication houses. A Gerber file describes the copper layers, solder mask, legend, and drill holes of […]

Introduction to Dual Op-amps Dual operational amplifiers, or dual op-amps, are integrated circuits that contain two independent operational amplifiers in a single package. These versatile components are widely used in various electronic applications, offering benefits such as reduced circuit board space, lower power consumption, and cost-effectiveness. One popular example of […]

What is a Semiconductor PCB? A semiconductor PCB is a specialized type of printed circuit board that incorporates semiconductor components, such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits (ICs). These components are mounted on a non-conductive substrate, typically made of materials like FR-4, ceramic, or polyimide. The substrate is then coated […]

Introduction to USB routing USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a widely used standard for connecting devices to computers or other electronic systems. Proper USB routing is crucial for ensuring reliable data transmission and maintaining signal integrity. When designing a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) with USB functionality, one of the challenges […]

What is PCB Prototyping? PCB prototyping is the process of creating a physical representation of your electronic circuit design. It involves translating your schematic diagram into a layout that can be printed onto a board. This prototype allows you to test your design, verify functionality, and make any necessary revisions […]

What is AOI Test? AOI test, or Automated Optical Inspection test, is a non-contact method for inspecting PCBs and other electronic components for defects. The process involves capturing high-resolution images of the product and comparing them to a pre-defined set of design specifications or a “golden sample.” AOI systems use […]

Introduction to Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W are both compact and affordable single-board computers designed for projects, hobbyists, and educators. Despite their small size, they pack a punch in terms of functionality and versatility. What is Raspberry Pi Zero? The Raspberry Pi […]

Introduction to the Raspberry Pi Camera The Raspberry Pi has revolutionized the world of single-board computers, offering a powerful and versatile platform for hobbyists, educators, and professionals alike. One of the most exciting additions to the Raspberry Pi ecosystem is the IMX477 Raspberry Pi HQ Camera, the official high-quality camera […]

What is a USB Cable Tester? A USB cable tester is a device that helps you determine whether a USB cable is functioning properly. It can detect issues such as broken wires, short circuits, and other common problems that can cause a USB cable to malfunction. USB cable testers come […]

Understanding SMD Components Surface Mount Devices, as the name suggests, are electronic components that are designed to be mounted directly onto the surface of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Unlike through-hole components, which require drilled holes for their leads to pass through the board, SMDs have small metal pads or […]