Introduction to Power Supplies A Power Supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load. The main purpose is to convert electric current from a source to the correct voltage, current, and frequency to power the load. 12V DC (direct current) power supplies are one of […]

Introduction to Hex Inverter ICs A hex inverter IC, also known as a NOT gate or inverting buffer, is a digital logic integrated circuit that performs logical negation on six independent inputs. It takes a binary input signal and inverts it to the opposite state at the output. For example, […]

What is Micro-Sectioning? Micro-sectioning is the process of cutting a small, representative section from a larger material sample for microscopic examination. The goal is to create a thin, flat, and polished surface that reveals the material’s internal structure and characteristics. This technique is essential for analyzing a wide range of […]

Introduction to PCB Thickness Tolerance Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the backbone of modern electronics. They provide a platform for mounting and interconnecting electronic components to create functional circuits. One of the critical aspects of PCB manufacturing is maintaining consistent and accurate board thickness. PCB thickness tolerance plays a vital […]

What is a Spark Generator? A spark generator, also known as a high voltage generator or Tesla coil, is a device that produces high-voltage electrical sparks by rapidly switching a magnetic field. Spark generators can create visual displays of miniature lightning and produce sounds reminiscent of a buzzing or zapping […]

Introduction to PCB Cutting Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the backbone of modern electronics. They provide the electrical connections and mechanical support for various components in electronic devices. PCBs come in different shapes and sizes, and often need to be cut to fit specific design requirements. PCB cutting is an […]

What is a PCB Transformer? A PCB transformer, short for Printed Circuit Board transformer, is a type of transformer that is specifically designed to be mounted directly onto a printed circuit board (PCB). Unlike conventional transformers that are typically bulky and require separate mounting arrangements, PCB transformers are compact, lightweight, […]

Introduction to PCB Safety Standards Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are essential components of nearly all modern electronic devices. They provide the foundation upon which other components are mounted and interconnected to create a functional system. However, as PCBs are often in close proximity to heat-generating components and may be subject […]

Introduction Solder mask, also known as solder resist or solder stop, is a protective layer applied to the copper traces of a printed circuit board (PCB) to prevent short circuits and corrosion. It also provides a surface for the application of silkscreen legends and component designators. One of the most […]

What is a DPDT Relay? A Double Pole Double Throw (DPDT) relay is an electromechanical switch that uses an electromagnet to control two separate electrical circuits simultaneously. It has two sets of contacts, each with a normally open (NO) and normally closed (NC) position, allowing for greater flexibility in switching […]