Introduction to RoHS 2 and Its Impact on PCB Manufacturing The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) is an EU directive that aims to restrict the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment (EEE). The original RoHS directive, also known as RoHS 1, was adopted in 2003 […]

Introduction to Popcorn Effect The popcorn effect, also known as the popcorning effect or moisture-induced delamination, is a serious defect that can occur during the printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) process. It is characterized by the formation of small blisters or “popped” areas on the surface of the PCB laminate […]

Introduction to PID Temperature Controllers A PID temperature controller is a critical component in many industrial processes where precise temperature control is essential. PID stands for Proportional-Integral-Derivative, which are the three terms used in the control algorithm. Temperature controllers using PID allow you to accurately regulate heating or cooling to […]

Essential Raspberry Pi Components 1. Raspberry Pi Board The heart of your setup is the Raspberry Pi board itself. There are several models available, each with different specifications and capabilities. Here’s a table comparing the most popular Raspberry Pi models: Model Processor RAM USB Ports Ethernet Wireless GPIO Pins Raspberry […]

Introduction Temperature measurement is a crucial aspect in various fields, including industrial processes, environmental monitoring, and electronic systems. Among the numerous temperature sensors available, the LM335 stands out as a reliable and versatile choice. This article delves into the LM335 Temperature Sensor, exploring its configuration, specifications, and diverse applications. Request […]

What is Pad hole ring copper? Pad hole ring copper refers to the copper plating that surrounds the holes drilled in a PCB. These holes, also called vias or through-holes, allow electrical connections between different layers of the PCB. The pad hole ring copper provides a conductive surface for soldering […]

Introduction to TM1637 Display Module The TM1637 is a versatile and easy-to-use display module that allows you to create visually appealing projects with minimal effort. This four-digit, seven-segment LED display is commonly used in Arduino and other microcontroller projects to display numeric values, time, or custom patterns. In this comprehensive […]

Table of Contents Introduction to Op-Amps LM358 Key Features and Specifications Pinout and Package Options Circuit Configuration and Applications Voltage Follower Inverting Amplifier Non-Inverting Amplifier Summing Amplifier Differential Amplifier Comparator Oscillators and Waveform Generators Active Filters Practical Considerations Input and Output Voltage Range Input Bias Current Offset Voltage Slew Rate […]

Table of Contents Introduction to Batteries Primary Batteries Alkaline Batteries Lithium Primary Batteries Zinc-Carbon Batteries Secondary Batteries Lead-Acid Batteries Lithium-Ion Batteries Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries Other Battery Types Flow Batteries Sodium-Sulfur Batteries Solid-State Batteries Battery Comparison Frequently Asked Questions Conclusion Request Flex PCB Manufacturing & Assembly Quote Now Introduction […]

What is PCB Assembly? PCB assembly is the process of soldering or mounting electronic components onto a printed circuit board (PCB). It is a crucial step in the manufacturing of electronic devices, as it involves attaching various components such as resistors, capacitors, integrated circuits, and connectors to the PCB. The […]