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What Are PCB GERBER Files? PCB Gerber files are the standard file format used to describe the printed circuit board (PCB) layers and drilling information needed for PCB fabrication. Gerber files contain vector image data that defines copper traces, solder masks, silkscreen legends, drilled holes, and board outlines. Each Gerber […]
Types of PCB drilling defects There are several types of drilling defects that can occur during PCB manufacturing. These defects can be categorized into the following: 1. Hole Size Variations Hole size variations occur when the drilled holes are either larger or smaller than the specified dimensions. This can happen […]
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What is PCB Panelization? PCB panelization is the process of combining multiple small printed circuit boards (PCBs) onto a single larger panel for more efficient manufacturing. This technique is widely used in the electronics industry to reduce production costs, improve throughput, and streamline the assembly process. By grouping several PCBs […]
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What is a Metal Detector Circuit? A metal detector circuit is an electronic circuit designed to detect the presence of metallic objects in its vicinity. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where a coil of wire is used to generate a magnetic field. When a metallic object enters […]
What is a Raspberry Pi? A Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized single-board computer developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a UK-based charity aimed at promoting computer science education. These tiny computers are capable of performing various tasks, from basic computing to running complex projects, making them popular among hobbyists, […]
Introduction to Beat Frequency Oscillators A beat frequency oscillator (BFO) is an electronic oscillator that produces a frequency equal to the difference between two input frequencies. It works on the principle of heterodyning, where two signals of different frequencies are mixed together to create a new signal with a frequency […]
What is RS232? RS232, also known as EIA232, is a standard for serial communication that was introduced in 1960. It is a single-ended, point-to-point communication protocol that allows data transmission between a Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and a Data Communication Equipment (DCE). RS232 is widely used in computer serial ports, […]
What is an NFC Card and How Does it Work? An NFC card, also known as a contactless smart card, contains an embedded NFC chip and antenna that allows it to communicate with an NFC-enabled device such as a payment terminal or smartphone. When the card is tapped or held […]
What is a Multilayer PCB? A multilayer PCB is a printed circuit board that consists of three or more conductive copper layers separated by insulating layers. The conductive layers are used for signal routing, power distribution, and grounding, while the insulating layers provide electrical isolation between the conductive layers. Multilayer […]
What is RFID Technology? RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) is a wireless technology that uses electromagnetic fields to identify and track objects. RFID tags, which are small electronic devices containing a chip and an antenna, can be attached to or embedded in objects. When an RFID reader emits a radio signal, the […]