2N5089 Transistor Overview The 2N5089 is a small signal NPN transistor in a TO-92 through-hole package. It is designed for low power applications with a maximum collector current of 50mA and a power dissipation of 500mW. The 2N5089 has a transition frequency of 300MHz, making it suitable for high frequency […]
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Introduction to MOC3021 The MOC3021 is a 6-pin DIP (Dual Inline Package) optocoupler that consists of a gallium arsenide infrared emitting diode (IRED) and a light-activated silicon bilateral switch. The input LED is optically coupled to the output phototransistor, allowing for electrical isolation between the input and output circuits. Key […]
2N3771 Transistor Pinout The 2N3771 transistor has a TO-3 metal package with 2 leads: Pin Symbol Description 1 B Base 2 E Emitter Case C Collector The case/tab of the TO-3 package is connected internally to the collector. Proper heatsinking of the case is essential for managing the thermal dissipation […]
Introduction to Circuit Boards Circuit boards, also known as printed circuit boards (PCBs), are the backbone of modern electronics. They are used in almost every electronic device, from smartphones and computers to home appliances and industrial machinery. For beginners, working with circuit boards can seem daunting, but with the right […]
What is an LED Splitter? An LED splitter is a device that allows you to connect multiple LED strip lights to a single power source. It works by dividing the power from the source into multiple outputs, each of which can be connected to a separate LED strip light. This […]
Introduction to AM Receiver Circuits An AM (Amplitude Modulation) receiver circuit is a type of radio receiver that detects and demodulates amplitude-modulated radio signals. AM radio broadcasting has been a popular means of communication for decades, and understanding how an AM receiver works is essential for anyone interested in electronics […]
Understanding Lead-acid Battery Charging Before diving into the various charging strategies, it is essential to understand the basics of lead-acid battery charging. Lead-acid batteries consist of positive and negative plates immersed in an electrolyte solution of sulfuric acid and water. During the discharge process, the lead sulfate forms on both […]
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What is Selective PCB Gold-Plating? Selective gold plating of printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) is a specialized manufacturing process that deposits a thin layer of gold onto specific areas of the PCB. Unlike full-board gold plating which covers the entire surface of the PCB, selective gold plating precisely targets only the […]
How Smoke Detectors Work Smoke detectors use various methods to sense the presence of smoke particles in the air. The two main types are: Ionization smoke detectors Photoelectric smoke detectors Ionization Smoke Detectors Ionization smoke detectors contain a small amount of radioactive material (usually Americium-241) that ionizes the air inside […]
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Diode Overview A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance). It has low (ideally zero) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite) resistance in the other. A diode vacuum tube or thermionic diode is a vacuum tube with two electrodes, a […]