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Introduction to PCB Impedance Control In the world of high-speed electronic circuits, controlling the impedance of printed circuit boards (PCBs) is crucial for ensuring signal integrity and optimizing system performance. Impedance control is the process of designing PCBs to maintain a consistent characteristic impedance throughout the signal paths. This is […]
Introduction to NodeMCU NodeMCU is an open-source firmware and development board designed for IoT (Internet of Things) projects. It combines the power of the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module with a user-friendly development environment based on the Lua programming language. NodeMCU has gained popularity among hobbyists, makers, and professionals due to its […]
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What is a DIAC? A DIAC, or Diode for Alternating Current, is a two-terminal, Bidirectional Switching device that conducts current only after its breakover voltage has been reached momentarily. Once this threshold is reached, the DIAC continues to conduct until the current falls below the holding current. DIACs are widely […]
What is a DC Chopper? A DC chopper is a power electronic device that converts fixed DC input voltage to a variable DC output voltage. It is essentially a high-speed switch that rapidly connects and disconnects the load from the power source, effectively “chopping” the DC voltage into discrete pulses. […]
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Introduction to Opto-Isolator Circuits An opto-isolator, also known as an optocoupler or optical isolator, is an electronic component that provides electrical isolation between two circuits using light. It consists of an LED (light-emitting diode) and a photosensitive device, such as a phototransistor or photodiode, encased in a single package. The […]
Understanding DC Motor Speed Control To effectively control the speed of a DC motor, it is important to understand the fundamental principles behind its operation. A DC motor consists of a stator (stationary part) and a rotor (rotating part). When a DC voltage is applied to the motor, current flows […]
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What are Halogen-free PCBs? Halogen-free PCBs are printed circuit boards that do not contain any halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) or other halogenated materials. Common halogens used in PCBs include chlorine (Cl) and bromine (Br). These substances can be harmful to the environment and human health when released during PCB manufacturing, […]
Introduction to Bidirectional Switches A bidirectional switch, also known as a bilateral switch or a double throw switch, is an electrical component that allows current to flow in both directions through a circuit. Unlike a regular switch that only allows current to flow in one direction, a bidirectional switch enables […]
What Are Current-Sense Amplifiers? Current-sense amplifiers are specialized integrated circuits designed to accurately measure the current flowing through a load by amplifying the small voltage drop across a shunt resistor. These amplifiers play a crucial role in various applications, such as power management, battery monitoring, overcurrent protection, and motor control. […]
Introduction to PCB Impedance Control Printed Circuit Board (PCB) impedance control is a crucial aspect of designing high-speed electronic systems. As signal speeds increase and rise times decrease, the importance of controlling the impedance of PCB traces becomes paramount to ensure signal integrity and minimize signal distortion, reflections, and crosstalk. […]