What is a High-Voltage PCB? A high-voltage PCB is a specialized type of printed circuit board designed to handle voltages higher than the standard level, typically above 50 volts. These PCBs are used in applications that require the management and distribution of high-voltage signals or power. High-voltage PCBs differ from […]

What is a CDI Ignition System? A Capacitor Discharge Ignition (CDI) system is an electronic ignition system that uses capacitors to store electrical energy which is then rapidly discharged to fire the spark plugs in an internal combustion engine. CDI systems offer several advantages over traditional points-type ignition systems, including […]

What is a CR1632 Battery? A CR1632 battery is a 3V lithium coin cell battery with a diameter of 16mm and a height of 3.2mm. The “CR” in the name stands for “Chromium,” indicating that the battery uses a chromium-based cathode material. The numbers “16” and “32” represent the battery’s […]

What Are Gerber Files? Gerber files, also known as Gerber format or Gerber X2 format, is an open ASCII vector format for 2D binary images. It is the de facto standard used by PCB fabrication houses. A Gerber file describes the copper layers, solder mask, legend, and drill holes of […]

Introduction to Dual Op-amps Dual operational amplifiers, or dual op-amps, are integrated circuits that contain two independent operational amplifiers in a single package. These versatile components are widely used in various electronic applications, offering benefits such as reduced circuit board space, lower power consumption, and cost-effectiveness. One popular example of […]

What is a Semiconductor PCB? A semiconductor PCB is a specialized type of printed circuit board that incorporates semiconductor components, such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits (ICs). These components are mounted on a non-conductive substrate, typically made of materials like FR-4, ceramic, or polyimide. The substrate is then coated […]

Understanding NiMH Batteries Before we dive into the specifics of NiMH Charger circuits, let’s first understand the characteristics of NiMH batteries themselves. Composition and Chemistry NiMH batteries are composed of a positive electrode made of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) and a negative electrode made of a hydrogen-absorbing alloy. The electrolyte is […]

TL072 Pinout Diagram ___ ___ 1 | \/ | 8 OUT A—|+ / – |— V+ 2 | \ | 7 -IN A–|- / -|— OUT B 3 | \ | 6 +IN A–|+ \ |— -IN B 4 | \ | 5 V- -|_______\|— +IN B The TL072 comes […]

Introduction to 2-Layer PCBs A 2-layer PCB, also known as a double-sided PCB, is a printed circuit board that consists of two conductive copper layers separated by an insulating substrate material. These layers are referred to as the top layer and the bottom layer. 2-layer PCBs are widely used in […]

What is a Gerber Viewer? A Gerber viewer is a software tool that enables you to open, view, and analyze Gerber files. Gerber files contain the necessary information for PCB fabrication, including the copper layers, solder mask, silk screen, and drill data. By using a Gerber viewer, you can ensure […]