Introduction to Arduino Leonardo The Arduino Leonardo is a popular microcontroller board based on the ATmega32u4 chip. It offers a variety of features and capabilities that make it an excellent choice for both beginners and experienced makers alike. In this article, we will take an in-depth look at the Arduino […]
What is an SMT Engineer? An SMT (Surface Mount Technology) engineer, also known as an SMT process engineer, is a professional responsible for overseeing the manufacturing process of electronic components and printed circuit boards (PCBs) using surface mount technology. SMT engineers work to optimize the SMT assembly process, ensuring high-quality, […]
What is a CR1632 Battery? A CR1632 battery is a 3V lithium coin cell battery with a diameter of 16mm and a height of 3.2mm. The “CR” in the name stands for “Chromium,” indicating that the battery uses a chromium-based cathode material. The numbers “16” and “32” represent the battery’s […]
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Introduction to Dual Op-amps Dual operational amplifiers, or dual op-amps, are integrated circuits that contain two independent operational amplifiers in a single package. These versatile components are widely used in various electronic applications, offering benefits such as reduced circuit board space, lower power consumption, and cost-effectiveness. One popular example of […]
What is a Semiconductor PCB? A semiconductor PCB is a specialized type of printed circuit board that incorporates semiconductor components, such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits (ICs). These components are mounted on a non-conductive substrate, typically made of materials like FR-4, ceramic, or polyimide. The substrate is then coated […]
Understanding NiMH Batteries Before we dive into the specifics of NiMH Charger circuits, let’s first understand the characteristics of NiMH batteries themselves. Composition and Chemistry NiMH batteries are composed of a positive electrode made of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) and a negative electrode made of a hydrogen-absorbing alloy. The electrolyte is […]
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Introduction to 2-Layer PCBs A 2-layer PCB, also known as a double-sided PCB, is a printed circuit board that consists of two conductive copper layers separated by an insulating substrate material. These layers are referred to as the top layer and the bottom layer. 2-layer PCBs are widely used in […]
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What Are Gerber Files? Gerber files, also known as Gerber format or Gerber X2 format, is an open ASCII vector format for 2D binary images. It is the de facto standard used by PCB fabrication houses. A Gerber file describes the copper layers, solder mask, legend, and drill holes of […]
Introduction to USB routing USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a widely used standard for connecting devices to computers or other electronic systems. Proper USB routing is crucial for ensuring reliable data transmission and maintaining signal integrity. When designing a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) with USB functionality, one of the challenges […]
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What is PCB Prototyping? PCB prototyping is the process of creating a physical representation of your electronic circuit design. It involves translating your schematic diagram into a layout that can be printed onto a board. This prototype allows you to test your design, verify functionality, and make any necessary revisions […]