Motion Sensors

Motion sensors detect movement in their environment. They are commonly used in security systems, automatic doors, and robotics.

1. Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor

PIR Sensors detect changes in infrared radiation emitted by objects in their field of view. They are commonly used in motion-activated lights and security systems.

2. Microwave Sensor

Microwave sensors emit high-frequency electromagnetic waves and detect changes in the reflected signal caused by moving objects. They are often used in automatic doors and industrial automation.

3. Ultrasonic Sensor

Ultrasonic sensors emit high-frequency sound waves and measure the time it takes for the waves to bounce back. They are often used in distance measurement and object detection applications.

4. Dual Technology Sensor

Dual technology sensors combine two or more sensing technologies, such as PIR and microwave, to reduce false alarms and improve accuracy.

Environmental Sensors

Environmental sensors measure various parameters of the environment, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, and air quality.

5. Temperature Sensor

Temperature sensors measure the temperature of their environment. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from industrial process control to home automation.

Sensor Type	Temperature Range	Accuracy
Thermocouple	-200°C to 1350°C	±0.5°C
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD)	-200°C to 850°C	±0.1°C
Thermistor	-90°C to 130°C	±0.05°C
Semiconductor	-55°C to 150°C	±0.5°C

6. Humidity Sensor

Humidity sensors measure the amount of water vapor in the air. They are commonly used in weather monitoring, HVAC systems, and industrial process control.

7. Pressure Sensor

Pressure sensors measure the force per unit area applied to a surface. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from automotive systems to industrial process control.

Sensor Type	Pressure Range	Accuracy
Piezoresistive	0-1000 bar	±0.1% to ±0.5%
Capacitive	0-100 bar	±0.1% to ±0.25%
Optical	0-1000 bar	±0.1% to ±0.2%
Piezoelectric	0-100,000 psi	±0.5% to ±2%

8. Air Quality Sensor

Air quality sensors measure various parameters of the air, such as particulate matter, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon dioxide. They are commonly used in smart home devices and industrial monitoring systems.

Optical Sensors

Optical sensors detect and measure light. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from consumer electronics to industrial automation.

9. Photoelectric Sensor

Photoelectric sensors emit a beam of light and detect changes in the reflected or transmitted light caused by objects in their field of view. They are commonly used in industrial automation and packaging applications.

10. Fiber Optic Sensor

Fiber optic sensors use optical fibers to detect changes in light intensity, phase, or polarization. They are often used in harsh environments where traditional sensors may not be suitable.

11. Image Sensor

Image sensors convert light into electrical signals to capture digital images. They are used in digital cameras, smartphones, and machine vision systems.

Sensor Type	Resolution	Pixel Size
CCD	Up to 100 MP	2-10 μm
CMOS	Up to 100 MP	1-5 μm

12. LiDAR

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors use laser light to measure distances and create 3D maps of their environment. They are commonly used in autonomous vehicles and surveying applications.

Acoustic Sensors

Acoustic sensors detect and measure sound waves. They are used in a variety of applications, from industrial process control to environmental monitoring.

13. Microphone

Microphones convert sound waves into electrical signals. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from telecommunications to consumer electronics.

14. Hydrophone

Hydrophones are underwater microphones that detect sound waves in liquids. They are commonly used in oceanography and underwater acoustics.

15. Ultrasonic Transducer

Ultrasonic transducers generate and detect high-frequency sound waves. They are used in a variety of applications, from medical imaging to industrial process control.

Position and Displacement Sensors

Position and displacement sensors measure the position or change in position of an object. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from robotics to industrial automation.

16. Potentiometer

Potentiometers are variable resistors that measure angular or linear displacement. They are commonly used in joysticks, throttle controls, and industrial automation.

17. Encoder

Encoders convert rotary or linear motion into electrical signals. They are commonly used in robotics, CNC machines, and industrial automation.

Encoder Type	Resolution	Max Speed
Incremental	Up to 10,000 PPR	Up to 12,000 RPM
Absolute	Up to 16 bits	Up to 12,000 RPM

18. Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT)

LVDTs measure linear displacement using electromagnetic induction. They are commonly used in industrial automation and aerospace applications.

19. Magnetostrictive Sensor

Magnetostrictive sensors use the magnetostrictive effect to measure linear or angular position. They are commonly used in hydraulic cylinders and industrial automation.

Chemical Sensors

Chemical sensors detect and measure the presence of specific chemicals in their environment. They are used in a variety of applications, from environmental monitoring to medical diagnostics.

20. Gas Sensor

Gas sensors detect the presence of specific gases in the air. They are commonly used in industrial safety, environmental monitoring, and automotive applications.

Gas Type	Sensor Type	Detection Range
Carbon Monoxide	Electrochemical	0-1000 ppm
Methane	Catalytic Bead	0-100% LEL
Oxygen	Zirconia	0-100% vol

21. pH Sensor

pH sensors measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution. They are commonly used in water quality monitoring, chemical processing, and medical diagnostics.

22. Conductivity Sensor

Conductivity sensors measure the electrical conductivity of a solution. They are commonly used in water quality monitoring, chemical processing, and food and beverage applications.

Proximity Sensors

Proximity sensors detect the presence of nearby objects without physical contact. They are commonly used in industrial automation, robotics, and consumer electronics.

23. Inductive Proximity Sensor

Inductive proximity sensors detect the presence of metallic objects using electromagnetic fields. They are commonly used in industrial automation and robotics.

24. Capacitive Proximity Sensor

Capacitive proximity sensors detect the presence of both metallic and non-metallic objects using electric fields. They are commonly used in consumer electronics and industrial automation.

25. Magnetic Proximity Sensor

Magnetic proximity sensors detect the presence of magnetic fields. They are commonly used in industrial automation and security systems.

Force and Pressure Sensors

Force and pressure sensors measure the force or pressure applied to a surface. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from industrial automation to medical devices.

26. Strain Gauge

Strain gauges measure the strain (deformation) of an object under load. They are commonly used in load cells, pressure sensors, and structural health monitoring.

27. Piezoelectric Sensor

Piezoelectric sensors generate an electrical signal in response to applied mechanical stress. They are commonly used in accelerometers, pressure sensors, and ultrasonic transducers.

28. Piezoresistive Sensor

Piezoresistive sensors change their electrical resistance in response to applied mechanical stress. They are commonly used in pressure sensors and load cells.

Current Sensors

Current sensors measure the flow of electrical current in a circuit. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from power monitoring to motor control.

29. Shunt Resistor

Shunt resistors measure current by measuring the voltage drop across a known resistance. They are commonly used in low-current applications.

30. Hall Effect Sensor

Hall effect sensors measure current by measuring the magnetic field generated by the current. They are commonly used in high-current applications and non-contact current measurement.

31. Current Transformer

Current transformers measure current by measuring the magnetic field generated by the current in a primary winding. They are commonly used in AC power monitoring and protection systems.

Voltage Sensors

Voltage sensors measure the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from power monitoring to battery management systems.

32. Voltage Divider

Voltage dividers measure voltage by dividing it down to a level that can be measured by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). They are commonly used in low-voltage applications.

33. Isolation Amplifier

Isolation amplifiers provide electrical isolation between the measured voltage and the measurement circuitry. They are commonly used in high-voltage applications and safety-critical systems.

34. Optocoupler

Optocouplers provide electrical isolation between the measured voltage and the measurement circuitry using optical coupling. They are commonly used in high-voltage applications and noisy environments.

Acceleration and Tilt Sensors

Acceleration and tilt sensors measure acceleration and tilt angle. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from automotive systems to consumer electronics.

35. Accelerometer

Accelerometers measure acceleration in one or more axes. They are commonly used in inertial navigation systems, automotive safety systems, and consumer electronics.

Accelerometer Type	Measurement Range	Bandwidth
Piezoelectric	±2g to ±200g	Up to 20 kHz
MEMS	±1g to ±200g	Up to 1.5 kHz

36. Gyroscope

Gyroscopes measure angular velocity. They are commonly used in inertial navigation systems, automotive safety systems, and consumer electronics.

Gyroscope Type	Measurement Range	Bandwidth
MEMS	±50°/s to ±2000°/s	Up to 2 kHz
Fiber Optic	±50°/s to ±500°/s	Up to 1 kHz

37. Inclinometer

Inclinometers measure tilt angle with respect to gravity. They are commonly used in construction, agriculture, and industrial automation.

Magnetic Sensors

Magnetic sensors detect the presence of magnetic fields. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from position sensing to current measurement.

38. Hall Effect Sensor

Hall effect sensors measure magnetic fields using the Hall effect. They are commonly used in position sensing, current measurement, and proximity detection.

39. Magnetoresistive Sensor

Magnetoresistive sensors change their electrical resistance in response to a magnetic field. They are commonly used in position sensing, current measurement, and magnetic field measurement.

40. Fluxgate Magnetometer

Fluxgate magnetometers measure the direction and magnitude of magnetic fields using a ferromagnetic core and excitation coil. They are commonly used in geophysical surveying and space exploration.

Flow Sensors

Flow sensors measure the rate of fluid flow in a pipe or channel. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from industrial process control to medical devices.

41. Turbine Flow Meter

Turbine flow meters measure flow rate by measuring the speed of a rotating turbine wheel. They are commonly used in oil and gas, chemical processing, and water treatment applications.

42. Ultrasonic Flow Meter

Ultrasonic flow meters measure flow rate by measuring the time-of-flight of ultrasonic waves in the fluid. They are commonly used in water and wastewater, oil and gas, and chemical processing applications.

43. Coriolis Flow Meter

Coriolis flow meters measure mass flow rate by measuring the Coriolis effect on a vibrating tube. They are commonly used in oil and gas, chemical processing, and food and beverage applications.

Biosensors

Biosensors detect and measure biological molecules or processes. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from medical diagnostics to environmental monitoring.

44. Glucose Sensor

Glucose sensors measure the concentration of glucose in a solution. They are commonly used in blood glucose monitoring for diabetes management.

45. DNA Sensor

DNA sensors detect the presence of specific DNA sequences. They are commonly used in medical diagnostics, forensics, and environmental monitoring.

46. Immunosensor

Immunosensors detect the presence of specific antigens using antibodies. They are commonly used in medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring.

Radiation Sensors

Radiation sensors detect and measure ionizing radiation. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from nuclear power plants to medical imaging.

47. Geiger-Müller Tube

Geiger-Müller tubes detect ionizing radiation by measuring the electrical pulses generated by the ionization of a gas. They are commonly used in radiation safety monitoring and scientific research.

48. Scintillation Detector

Scintillation detectors detect ionizing radiation by measuring the light generated by the interaction of radiation with a scintillator material. They are commonly used in medical imaging, nuclear physics, and radiation safety monitoring.

49. Semiconductor Detector

Semiconductor detectors detect ionizing radiation by measuring the electrical charge generated by the interaction of radiation with a semiconductor material. They are commonly used in medical imaging, nuclear physics, and radiation safety monitoring.

Humidity and Moisture Sensors

Humidity and moisture sensors measure the amount of water vapor in the air or the moisture content of a material. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from HVAC systems to agriculture.

50. Capacitive Humidity Sensor

Capacitive humidity sensors measure the change in capacitance caused by the absorption of water vapor by a hygroscopic dielectric material. They are commonly used in HVAC systems, weather stations, and industrial process control.

51. Resistive Humidity Sensor

Resistive humidity sensors measure the change in electrical resistance caused by the absorption of water vapor by a hygroscopic conductive material. They are commonly used in HVAC systems, weather stations, and industrial process control.

52. Soil Moisture Sensor

Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content of soil. They are commonly used in agriculture, landscaping, and environmental monitoring.

Touch and Tactile Sensors

Touch and tactile sensors detect physical contact or pressure. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from consumer electronics to robotics.

53. Resistive Touch Sensor

Resistive touch sensors detect touch by measuring the change in resistance caused by the pressure of a finger or stylus on two conductive layers separated by a small gap. They are commonly used in consumer electronics, such as smartphones and tablets.

54. Capacitive Touch Sensor

Capacitive touch sensors detect touch by measuring the change in capacitance caused by the proximity of a conductive object, such as a finger. They are commonly used in consumer electronics, such as smartphones and tablets.

55. Force-Sensitive Resistor (FSR)

FSRs are thin, flexible sensors that change their resistance in response to applied pressure. They are commonly used in robotics, automotive electronics, and medical devices.

Level Sensors

Level sensors measure the level of a liquid or solid in a container. They are used in a wide variety of applications, from industrial process control to home appliances.

56. Float Switch

Float switches detect the level of a liquid by measuring the position of a floating object. They are commonly used in sump pumps, tank level monitoring, and irrigation systems.

57. Ultrasonic Level Sensor

Ultrasonic level sensors measure the level of a liquid or solid by measuring the time-of-flight of ultrasonic waves reflected from the surface. They are commonly used in tank level monitoring, chemical processing, and wastewater treatment.

58. Radar Level Sensor

Radar level sensors measure the level of a liquid or solid by measuring the time-of-flight of electromagnetic waves reflected from the surface. They are commonly used in tank level monitoring, chemical processing, and food and beverage applications.

Smoke and Fire Sensors

Smoke and fire sensors detect the presence of smoke or fire. They are used in fire alarm systems, HVAC systems, and industrial safety applications.

59. Ionization Smoke Detector

Ionization